VERBOS SEGUIDOS DE -ING, INFINITIVO CON TO, INFINITIVO SIN TO Y CON AMBOS

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

VERBS + -ING

admit can´t help* can´t stand carry on consider delay deny enjoy fancy finigh give up go on hate imagine involve

keep on like love mind miss postpone practise put off risk spend stop suggest

INFINITIVE WITH TO

agree to aim to appear to arrange to attempt to be able to can´t afford to can´t wait to claim to decide to deserve to expect to fail to forget to happen to have (got) to help to*

hope to learn to manage to need to* offer to plan to pretend to promise to refuse to remember to* seem to teach to tend to threaten to try to* want to would like to

INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO

can may might must sould had better would rather let make (except + passive: we were made to run in PE.)

GERUND or INFINITIVE WITH NO CHANGE OF MEANING

begin start continue intend bother NORMALLY: we do not use -ing after -ing: It´s starting to rain. It´s starting raining.

VERBS WITH -ING OR INFINITIVE WITH TO WITH CHANGE IN MEANING

REMEMBER + INFINITIVE → you remember first, then you do it. Remember to lock the door. Remember to post the letter. -ING → you do sth, then you remember it. I could remember driving along the road just before the accident.

FORGET + INFINITIVE → you didn´t remember to do sth. -ING → you did sth and you won´t forget it.

TRY INFINITIVE → make an effort to do sth. I tried to study the night before the test. -ING → experiment to see if sth works. Try looking for the keys in your pockets.

REGRET INFINITIVE → I´m sorry that I have to say/inform/tell... we regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you the job. -ING → I did it and now I´m sorry about it. I now regret saying what I said.

CONECTORES ÚTILES PARA WRITING Y SPEAKING

WRITING AND SPEAKING FOR INTERMEDIATE STUDENTS

LINKING WORDS

• AND
• IN ADDITION, BESIDES, FURTHERMORE → Para añadir una idea a lo dicho: ADEMÁS.
• AS WELL AS: añadir ideas a otras anteriores: ASÍ COMO.
• BUT
• BECAUSE, DUE TO.
• SO, AS A RESULT: para explicar el resultado o la consecuencia de algo: ASÍ QUE.
• OR
• ON THE ONE HAND, ON THE OTHER HAND
• HOWEVER, NEVERTHELESS: SIN EMBARGO
• ALTHOUGH
• DESPITE THE FACT THAT, IN SPITE OF + NOUN or VERB in -ing, DESPITE + NOUN or VERB in -ing: A PESAR DE.

SEQUENCING

• FIRST, FIRSTLY (more formal), FIRST OF ALL: PRIMERO → para indicar el orden de situaciones, cosas o listados.
• AT FIRST → IN THE BEGINNING → cuando queremos hacer contraste:
• He called for help. No one heard him at first, but eventually one girl came to help him.
• THEN, NEXT, AFTER THAT: seguimos con la secuencia: ENTONCES, DESPUÉS.
• AS SOON AS: TAN PRONTO COMO
• BEFORE: ANTES O ANTES DE.
• AFTER: DESPUÉS DE
• LATER: MÁS TARDE.
• FINALLY, EVENTUALLY: FINALMENTE.
• AS A CONCLUSION, TO SUM UP: EN CONCLUSIÓN

SYNTAX TIPS

• Utilizaremos las oraciones de manera sencilla y construiremos por cada idea una oración sencilla.
• Utilizaremos la subordinación:
• Oraciones temporales con when y while.
• Oraciones de relativo.
• Oraciones condicionales.
• Reported Speech.
• Pasiva.
• Oraciones de finalidad con to.
• Oraciones causales: because, due to.
• Oraciones consecutivas: as a result, so.

USUAL MISTAKES

• Los sujetos no se suelen omitir.
• No se usan contracciones en escritos formales.
• Concordancia entre el sujeto y el verbo.
• Los adjetivos no tienen plural.
• Detrás de una preposición puede ir un verbo y éste irá en -ing.
• Evitar las repeticiones innecesarias.

PET EXAM

PET EXAM de Cambridge es un nivel B1.

Durante los meses de Junio y Julio podréis elegir dos convocatorias para obtener el título.

A continuación os paso enlace donde descargar dos modelos de examen con sus soluciones.


http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams/preliminary/whats-in-the-exam/

PUNTOS GRAMATICALES PARA LA SUPERACIÓN DEL PET

A continuación os detallo los puntos gramaticales indispensables para superar con éxito el nivel B1 tanto para PET como para EOI:

• Present Simple and adverbs of frequency.
• Present Simple and present continuous.
• Present Perfect and past simple.
• Past simple, past continuous and past perfect.
• Used to.
• The future.
• Modal and semi-modal verbs.
• Requests and offers.
• Advice and suggestions.
• Passive
• Verbs followed by -ing and/or infinitive.
• Conditional sentences: First, second and third conditional.
• Interrogatives.
• Reported speech.
• Nouns, pronouns and determiners: Articles, personal pronouns and possessives, countable and uncountable nouns, quantifiers, relative pronouns, relative clauses.
• Adjectives and adverbs: comparatives and superlatives; sequencers: first, then, next, before, after; too and enough.
• Prepositions of time and place.
• Connectives: because, as, since, but, although, while, so, when, until, before, after, as soon as, so/such (that).

SYNONYMS

Cuando estamos preparando un writing, del tipo que sea, nos damos cuenta del poco vocabulario que utilizamos o recordamos. Para ello es necesario hacernos buenos listados de sinónimos, pero además utilizarlos como chuleta en cada writing.

Aquí os paso algunas! ;)

WRITING FOR B1: A STORY

Os gusta escribir historias? Si es así, no dudéis en elegir a story en el writing de PET o EOI.

A continuación, tenéis un modelo de story con huecos, donde debéis elegir los siguientes conectores:

at the moment

desperately

especially

fortunatelly

in a panic

quickly

straight

suddenly

DAVID WOKE UP SUDDENLY AND LOOKED AT THE BEDSIDE CLOCK...

David woke up suddenly and looked at the bedside clock. It was 3.00 in the morning. "Much too early", he said to himself, and went ____________ back to sleep. He was a light sleeper when he knew he had to get up early, and today he was feeling ____________ responsible as he had the plane tickets for the football team, and they had agreed to meet at the airport at 7.00.

Suddenly David woke up againand looked at the bedside clock. It still sail 3.00. He ws just falling asleep when he noticed that sunlight was coming in through the curtain. "oh, no!" David thought, ____________ looking for his watch on the table. It said 7.00.

____________ the phone started to ring. "What happened to you?" a voice asked. "It´s 7.05. The planes leaves at 7.45". "I´ll be there as soon as I can", David promised. ____________, he put on the first clothes he could find, picled up his bag, which ____________ he´d packed the night before, ____________ took his car keys and ran out of the door...

David woke up ____________ and looked at the bedside clock. It was 3.00 in the morning. A nurse come over. "Where am I?" said David. "You´re in hospital, you´ve had a car accident... driving too fast, I´m afraid. Where you trying to catch a plane?

Para escribir una historia debéis pensar en el argumento previamente. Tratad de dividir la historia en tres partes:

• En el primer párrafo localizad la escena y describid la situación y los personajes.
• En el segundo párrafo contad dos o tres sucesos para que la historia tenga interés.
• En la conclusión contad cómo termina la historia y sus personajes.

A continuación escribid una historia que comience:

"When Andrea saw the car parked outside her house, her heart started beating faster..."

PET READING AND WRITING EXAM

PET o Preliminary English Test  es un título de nivel intermedio o B1 de Cambridge.

Aquí os dejo un enlace para la parte de Reading & Writing.


http://www.consolacioncaravaca.es/ProgramaBeda/data/docs/PET/PET_READWRITE.pdf


Y sus soluciones:

http://www.consolacioncaravaca.es/ProgramaBeda/data/docs/PET/PET_ANSWERKEY.pdf

Recordad que el tiempo disponible es una hora y media!!!